Gastroenteritis, food poisoning caused by salmonella, staphylococci or other such toxins, and other gastrointestinal infections that affect and irritate the small and large intestines are among the most common conditions affecting people across the world.
Symptoms of gastrointestinal infections
The most immediate symptoms of gastrointestinal infections include loose, watery diarrhea with or without nausea and vomiting. In more severe cases, this may be accompanied by severe cramping before or during a bowel movement, and traces of blood or mucus in the stools. Gastroenteric flu may cause a high fever with severe body pain and shivering. It is very important to identify the symptoms associated with gastrointestinal infections and consult a physician immediately. This is especially true for if you are experiencing very high fevers that do not come down, intense abdominal pain, continuous bouts of diarrhea, and vomiting; causing dehydration, or if you notice blood in the vomit or stools. In such aggressive infections, an antibiotic treatment regimen is necessary after the doctor makes his diagnosis. Most bacterial gastrointestinal infections tend to be self-limiting and symptoms are known to abate between one and three days from when they begin. In mild gastrointestinal infections, medications may not be necessary but this must be left to the discretion of the physician.
Tips to manage gastrointestinal infections
When there is a gastrointestinal infection, the quality of the gut bacterial flora changes. Prebiotics and probiotics such as yogurt are known to reintroduce healthy flora into the stomach and intestines.
For the first day or two, thin clear liquid foods alone are advisable. Fresh lemonade with a little bit of honey and ginger may be soothing and prevent nausea. It is advisable to eat small and light meals that are easy to digest. A thin rice gruel or broth can soothe the stomach and also ease digestion. It is generally preferable to avoid heavily fried items, red meat, and foods that are high in fats. While probiotic yogurt is considered good for those with gastrointestinal infections, it is better to avoid the consumption of milk and cheese. In some cases, jelly may also be recommended during a gastrointestinal infection. It is better to avoid caffeine and foods that are acidic, including black tea. Fruit juices may cause gas and so need to be taken with care. The deliberately imposed liquid diet helps the stomach and intestines to heal faster and one may gradually phase into a normal diet. At this stage, salted crackers, dry toast, steamed fish or chicken, and thin soups are advisable.
Since dehydration is very common with gastrointestinal infections, it is of utmost importance to stay hydrated. If necessary, ask your physician to prescribe oral rehydration salts or liquids as dietary supplements.
It is better to avoid chocolates, cakes, pastries, and other such foods, giving your body time to heal and settle down. Along with following a sensible and light diet plan, ensure that you get plenty of rest and sleep as well, for these can go a long way in helping you get back onto your feet soon.
